Panchayati Raj
:: Panchayati Raj in History ::
As mentioned in the Rigveda, three administrative bodies 'Vith', 'Sabha' and 'Samiti' were functioning. Vish used to make laws like the present-day legislature. People from every class of the village could participate in the meeting and help in taking decisions after discussion.'Village' is mentioned in the oldest scripture of Hinduism 'Manusmriti'. The village was administered by a 'gramini'. In 'Nitisara' composed by Shukracharya, mention is also found about the village and its administration.
Panchayati Raj
In the 'Arthashastra' composed by Kautilya (Chanakya) during the Anuvadic period, there is also a mention of a 'village' who administers the village. Kautilya's Arthasastra mentions a three-tiered administrative system for rural and urban areas. According to Kautilya's Arthashastra a group of five to ten villages was called a 'gopa'; which was administered by a 'local'. According to 'Arthashastra' the post of local administrator was hereditary. But for that it was necessary to get the permission of the king.Is. The 'Panchantra' prepared by Vishnusharma during the third century BC also mentions rural life and administration. Buddhist literature
Panchayati Raj
Accordingly, the villages were independent in terms of administration. As Village Bhojaka to the person who collects the village revenue Known.During the time of the medieval Prajavatsal emperor Harshavardhana, who divided his daily routine into three parts, the state was administered by various departments and 'district' became administrative. At the lower level the village was administered by the gram sabha; The head of which was known as 'Mukhi'. Chola dynasty Damayan village was an independent administrative m. A group of villages was known as 'Koram' or 'Nadu' or 'Kotam'.
Panchayati Raj
Is. In 1907, the Royal Commission on Decentralization appointed by King George Award Ahmad made recommendations on matters of local self-government.
The recommendations of the Royal Mission were as follows.
(1) Formation of Provincial Governments.
(2) To give greater financial powers to Gram Panchayats. Such as land acquisition and utilization
Authority.
(3) Grants from State to Gram Panchayats
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Recommendations other than the above recommendations Being conservative, the recommendations of this commission could not be implemented. Is. The British took preliminary steps in this direction in the twentieth century by enacting laws for the establishment of Gram Panchayats and Taluka/Zilla Local Boards by the states during 1912–15 based on the Morley-Minto Report of 1909. The bodies thus formed were limited in their functions and given very few resources and very little autonomy. Based on the Montague-Chelmsford reforms in AD. of 1919
By default, local self-government became a subject of the state and a separate provision was made for taxes levied by local bodies. So in some provinces, laws relating to local self-government came into existence.
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